The Oxfordian Theory: An Exploration of Shakespeare's True Identity

The Oxfordian theory proposes that Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford, was the true author behind the works attributed to William Shakespeare. This theory challenges the traditional belief that Shakespeare, a playwright from Stratford-upon-Avon, was the man behind the pen. Proponents of the Oxfordian theory believe that de Vere's education, social status, and literary skills make him a more compelling candidate for the true authorship of the Shakespearean canon.

Historical Context

Edward de Vere was born in 1550 to a wealthy and influential family. He received a classical education at Cambridge University and was known for his wit, literary abilities, and patronage of the arts. De Vere was a prominent figure in Elizabethan society, serving as a member of Parliament and holding various positions of honor.

William Shakespeare, on the other hand, was born in 1564 to a middle-class family in Stratford-upon-Avon. While there is no record of him attending university, he is believed to have worked as a playwright, actor, and theater owner. Shakespeare's works gained widespread popularity and critical acclaim during his lifetime.

Arguments for the Oxfordian Theory

Proponents of the Oxfordian theory argue that de Vere possessed the following qualifications that make him a suitable candidate for the true author of the Shakespearean canon:

• Education and Literary Skills: De Vere's education at Cambridge University equipped him with a deep understanding of the classics, history, and literature. His works demonstrate a mastery of language, rhythm, and imagery that is consistent with the Shakespearean canon.
• Social Status and Connections: As a member of the Elizabethan court, de Vere had access to the royal court and the world of theater. His connections to influential figures provided him with the inspiration and knowledge that is evident in the Shakespearean plays.
• Patronage of the Arts: De Vere was a known patron of actors, playwrights, and musicians. He often staged plays at his own estate and was involved in the production and distribution of theatrical works.
• Alleged Legal Troubles: Some scholars suggest that de Vere's plays may have been a way for him to express his dissatisfaction with political and social events. This discontent may have led to legal troubles that forced him to conceal his authorship.

Evidence Supporting the Theory

Proponents of the Oxfordian theory point to a number of pieces of evidence to support their claims:

• Literary Parallels: There are striking similarities in language, style, and themes between de Vere's works and the Shakespearean canon.
• Autobiographical Elements: The Shakespearean plays contain numerous references to events and individuals in de Vere's life.
• The Sonnets: The "Dark Lady" sonnets are believed to be written by de Vere and are thought to be addressed to his mistress, Anne Vavasour.
• The Petition Letter: In 1603, de Vere wrote a letter to King James I in which he referred to himself as "the true father" of the Shakespearean works.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

When considering the Oxfordian theory, it is important to avoid the following common mistakes:

• Assuming that the Oxfordian theory is universally accepted: The Oxfordian theory remains a minority view, and there is no consensus among scholars about its validity.
• Ignoring the historical record: While there is some evidence to support the Oxfordian theory, it is crucial to also consider the historical record and the traditional attribution of the Shakespearean works to William Shakespeare.
• Overreliance on circumstantial evidence: Some proponents of the Oxfordian theory rely heavily on circumstantial evidence, such as literary parallels and alleged autobiographical elements, which can be interpreted differently.

Pros and Cons of the Oxfordian Theory

Pros:

• Potentially reveals a hidden genius behind the Shakespearean canon.
• Offers insights into the politics and culture of Elizabethan England.
• Challenges traditional assumptions about Shakespeare's identity and life.

Cons:

• Lack of definitive proof or contemporary documentation.
• Ignores the vast body of evidence supporting Shakespeare's authorship.
• Requires a significant suspension of disbelief.

FAQs

1. What is the most convincing argument for the Oxfordian theory?

The most convincing argument is the striking similarities in language, style, and themes between de Vere's works and the Shakespearean canon.

2. What is the biggest challenge to the Oxfordian theory?

The biggest challenge is the lack of definitive proof or contemporary documentation linking de Vere to the Shakespearean works.

3. Who are some notable proponents of the Oxfordian theory?

Notable proponents include J. Thomas Looney, Mark Anderson, and Charlton Ogburn.

4. What is the main reason that the Oxfordian theory is not widely accepted?

The Oxfordian theory is not widely accepted because there is a lack of definitive evidence supporting it, and because it contradicts the traditional attribution of the Shakespearean works to William Shakespeare.

5. What are the implications of the Oxfordian theory if it were to be proven true?

If the Oxfordian theory were to be proven true, it would revolutionize our understanding of Shakespeare's identity and the authorship of the Shakespearean canon.

6. What is the most common criticism of the Oxfordian theory?

The most common criticism is that it is based on circumstantial evidence and relies on speculation.

7. What is the current state of research on the Oxfordian theory?

The Oxfordian theory continues to be studied by scholars, but there has been no major breakthrough that would definitively prove or disprove its validity.

8. What are the potential benefits of further research on the Oxfordian theory?

Further research could provide new insights into the Shakespearean authorship question and contribute to a deeper understanding of Elizabethan literature and culture.

Tables

Table 1: Chronological Overview of the Shakespeare-Oxford Debate

Table 2: Comparison of William Shakespeare and Edward de Vere

Table 3: Literary Parallels between de Vere's Works and the Shakespearean Canon