Zikomo Malawi: Kusintha ndi Kukula Kwa Dziko Lathu Ladzukulu

Kuyambira

Malawi, dziko lokongola lomwe lili pakatikati pa Africa, lapanga njira yaikulu mtsogolo m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Ndi kukula kwa chuma cha 4.5% mu 2022, Malawi ikuyang'ana mtsogolo lowala kwa nzika zake. Tsoka ilo, ngakhale zitukuko zabwinozi, Malawi ikukumanabe ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zimafunikira kuzithana.

Zovuta Zomwe Zikukhudza Kukula kwa Malawi

Ngakhale kuti Malawi yapanga mapindu pa zaka zaposachedwapa, ikukumanabe ndi mavuto angapo amene amachedwetsa kukula kwake. Zovuta izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Ulova: Malawi ndilamodzi mwa mayiko ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndi 63% ya anthu ake omwe akukhala ndi moyo ndi masenti oposa $2 patsiku. Ulova umapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ovutika kwambiri ndipo amalepheretsa kupeza maphunziro, chisamaliro cha thanzi, komanso mabungwe ena ofunikira.
• Kusowa kwa Ntchito: Malawi ili ndi mlingo wodziwika wa anthu osagwira ntchito, womwe umakhudza 10.8% ya mphamvu ya ntchito. Kusowa ntchito kumachulukitsa ulova ndi kusalinganika kwa chuma.
• Kuperewera kwa Zida Zofunikira: Malawi ikulimbana ndi kuperewera kwa zida zofunikira monga magetsi, madzi otetezeka, ndi misewu yabwino. Kuperewera kwa zida zofunikira kumathetsa luso la dzikolo la kukula ndi kukula.

Kusintha kwa Malawi

Ngakhale zovuta zomwe zilipo, Malawi ikuchitapo kanthu kuti izi zithetsedwe. Boma likuchitapo kanthu kudzera mu mapulogalamu ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana kuti liwongolere mavutowa ndi kukulitsa chuma cha dzikolo.

• Kuthana ndi Ulova: Boma la Malawi likhazikitsa mapulogalamu angapo othandizira anthu osauka, kuphatikizapo Mpikisano wa Mgwirizano Wabwino ndi Mpikisano Wachilungamo. Mapulogalamu amenewa amapereka ndalama ndi maphunziro kwa anthu osauka kuti awathandize kuchita bwino ndikupititsa patsogolo thanzi lawo.
• Kulimbikitsa Ntchito: Boma la Malawi likuyesetsa kukulitsa mwayi wogonjera ntchito kudzera m'mabungwe monga Malawi Investment and Trade Centre. Bungweli likukhudzidwa ndi kukopa ndi kukhazikitsa bizinesi ku Malawi, zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wogwira ntchito kwa omwe ali kuntchito.
• Kupereka Zida Zofunikira: Boma la Malawi likugwira ntchito kuti likhazikitse zida zofunikira zomwe zimafunika kuti kukula kuthandizike. Mwachitsanzo, boma likupanga ndalama kuti likhazikitse magetsi m'madera akumudzi ndi kukonza misewu yaikulu.

Zomwe Tiphunzira ku Zosankha Zoyipa

Panthawi yomwe Malawi ikupitiriza kufunafuna kukula, ndikofunikira kuphunzira ku zolakwika zapitazo. Zomwe tiphunzira ku zochitika zoyipa zingatithandize kupewa makosa omwewo mtsogolo ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira zawo.

• Kuzindikira Magwero a Ulova: Kuti Malawi ithetse ulova, ndikofunikira kuzindikira magwero ake. Ulova nthawi zambiri umabweretsa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ntchito, kuchepa kwa maphunziro, ndi kusowa kwa thanzi. Kuyikapo ndalama pa maphunziro, thanzi, ndi kukula kwa ntchito kungathandize kuchepetsa ulova.
• Kukhazikitsa Mgwirizano: Ngakhale kuti boma lili ndi udindo waukulu oyang'anira kukula kwa chuma, sikudzatha kuchita izo zokha. Kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi bungwe lapagulu ndi lapadziko lonse kungathandize kulimbikitsa zoyesayesa za boma ndikupanga njira yothandizana nayo.
• Kukhalitsa Ndalama Zowononga: Malawi iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama zowononga zimawonongeka bwino. Kuchita chinyengo ndi kusagwiritsa ntchito ndalama moyenera kumachepetsa zotsatira za ndalama zomwe zimawonongedwa, zomwe zingachedwetse kukula kwa chuma.

Kuyerekeza Zotsatira Zabwino ndi Zoyipa

Pamene Malawi ikupitiriza kufunafuna kukula, ndikofunikira kuyerekeza zotsatira zabwino ndi zoyipa za mapulogalamu ake ndi ndondomeko zake. Kuyerekeza koteroko kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti dzikolo likuchita bwino pa ndalama zake.

Zotsatira Zabwino

• Kuchepa kwa Ulova: Mapulogalamu othandizira anthu osauka ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma la Malawi adathandiza kuchepetsa ulova. Mwachitsanzo, Mpikisano wa Mgwirizano Wabwino watsimikiziridwa kuchepetsa ulova mwa 10%.
• Kukula kwa Ntchito: Ndondomeko zopititsa patsogolo ntchito zoyambitsidwa ndi boma la Malawi zakhala ndi chikoka chabwino pa kukula kwa ntchito. Malawi Investment and Trade Centre yapambana kukhazikitsa makampani angapo, zomwe zapangitsa kuti mwayi wogwira ntchito padziko lonse ukhalepo.
• Kupezeka kwa Zida Zofunikira: Ndalama za boma ku zida zofunikira zathandiza kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa anthu ambiri a ku Malawi. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi kumudzi kwathandiza kusintha maphunziro, chisamaliro cha thanzi, ndi mwayi wazamalonda.

Zotsatira Zoyipa

• Kusowa kwa Chidwi: Ndipo mapulogalamu ambiri ofuna kukulitsa chuma amagwira ntchito bwino, ena amakumana ndi mavuto. Zotsatira zochepazi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa ndalama, kusagwiritsa ntchito ndalama moyenera, ndi zovuta zina.
• Kusagwirizana: Nthawi zina, mapulogalamu opititsa patsogolo kukula kwa chuma amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyanjanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mapulani akuluakulu amtendere atha kupita m'malo azinthu zazing'ono.
• Ngongole Yachuma: Ngati boma lakhala likuwononga ndalama zambiri poyesa kukulitsa chuma, lingapangitse kuti dziko lonselo likhale ngongole. Ngongole yaikulu m'dziko lingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kukopa mafakitale atsopano ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa chuma.

Mfundo Zomveka

• Malawi yapanga njira yaikulu mtsogolo m'zaka zaposachedwapa, komabe ikukumana ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zimachedwetsa kukula.
• Boma la Malawi likukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ndi ndondomeko kuti lithane ndi zovutazi ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa chuma.
• Ndikofunikira kuphunzira ku zolakwika zapitazo ndi kuyerekeza zotsatira zabwino ndi zoyipa za mapulogalamu omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tikwaniritse kukula kwamuyaya.

Malo Othandizira

• UNDP Malawi
• Banki Yadziko Yonse
• [Mtendere wa IMF