Total Defence Day: Unifying Singapore Against All Threats

Introduction

Total Defence Day, commemorated annually on February 15th, is a significant occasion that pays tribute to the unwavering spirit and resilience of Singapore. This day signifies the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to safeguarding the nation from various threats and challenges, encompassing military, civil, economic, social, and psychological aspects.

Total Defence: Definition and Elements

Total Defence is an overarching strategy that encompasses the following five key pillars:

• Military Defence: The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and the Home Team work together to protect Singapore from external threats and maintain peace and stability.
• Civil Defence: The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) is responsible for responding to emergencies, disasters, and other threats to public safety.
• Economic Defence: The government and private sector collaborate to ensure economic resilience and stability, safeguarding Singapore's economic well-being.
• Social Defence: The community plays a vital role in fostering unity and resilience by actively participating in discussions, promoting social cohesion, and supporting social programs.
• Psychological Defence: The government and the people work together to build a strong and resilient national psyche, fostering a sense of national pride and purpose.

Threats to Singapore

Singapore faces various threats that necessitate a robust Total Defence strategy. These include:

• External Military Threats: Singapore's small size and strategic location make it vulnerable to military aggression from hostile neighbors.
• Terrorism and Extremism: Singapore remains vigilant against the threat of terrorism and seeks to prevent the spread of extremist ideologies.
• Cyberattacks and Cyber Threats: The rise of digital technologies has introduced new vulnerabilities, exposing Singapore to cyberattacks and threats to its critical infrastructure.
• Pandemics and Health Emergencies: Singapore has experienced the impact of pandemics and health emergencies, emphasizing the need for preparedness and resilience.

Statistics on Total Defence

• According to the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), Singapore spends approximately 3% of its GDP on defence, making it one of the highest spenders per capita in the world.
• The SAF has an active personnel strength of over 50,000 and a reservist force of over 300,000.
• The SCDF responds to an average of over 40,000 emergency calls annually.
• The government allocates significant resources to support community and social programs that promote unity and resilience.

Case Studies of Resilience

1. SARS Outbreak (2003)

During the SARS outbreak, Singapore implemented stringent measures to contain the spread of the virus, including contact tracing, isolation, and quarantining. The government worked closely with the community to raise awareness, encourage social responsibility, and provide support to those affected. Singapore's effective response demonstrated the importance of collaboration, social cohesion, and psychological resilience in overcoming a public health crisis.

2. 2013 Little India Riot

In 2013, a riot erupted in Little India following a fatal traffic accident. The SCDF and police responded swiftly to quell the violence and restore order. The government and community leaders worked together to address the underlying social issues and promote harmony between different ethnic groups. This incident highlighted the need for strong civil defence capabilities and the importance of social cohesion in maintaining peace and stability.

3. COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to Singapore. The government implemented a comprehensive suite of measures, including border closures, social distancing, and vaccination programs. The community rallied together to support healthcare workers, maintain social cohesion, and adapt to the new normal. Singapore's successful handling of the pandemic showcased the resilience and adaptability of its people and the effectiveness of its Total Defence strategy.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

In implementing Total Defence, it is important to avoid common pitfalls:

• Complacency: Assuming that Singapore is too small or insignificant to be threatened.
• Fragmentation: Failing to collaborate and coordinate between different pillars of Total Defence.
• Lack of Preparedness: Not investing adequately in defence capabilities and emergency response measures.
• Underestimating the Importance of Social Resilience: Neglecting to foster unity and community spirit among the people.
• Ignoring Psychological Aspects: Failing to address the potential impact of threats on the national psyche.

Why Total Defence Matters

Total Defence is essential for Singapore's survival and prosperity as a nation. It contributes to:

• National Security: Protecting Singapore from external military threats and other forms of aggression.
• Public Safety: Ensuring the safety and well-being of citizens in the face of emergencies and disasters.
• Economic Stability: Safeguarding Singapore's economy from disruptions caused by threats and crises.
• Social Cohesion: Fostering unity, resilience, and a sense of national identity among the people.
• Psychological Well-being: Reinforcing a positive national mindset and resisting fear and division.

Benefits of Total Defence

An effective Total Defence strategy offers numerous benefits for Singapore and its citizens:

• Deterrence: A strong and credible defence posture deters potential aggressors.
• Protection: Robust civil defence capabilities mitigate the impact of emergencies and disasters.
• Economic Prosperity: A stable and secure environment attracts investment and promotes economic growth.
• Social Harmony: A united and resilient community promotes social cohesion and inclusivity.
• National Pride: A strong sense of national identity and purpose fosters patriotism and a shared sense of responsibility.

Call to Action

Total Defence is a collective responsibility. Every Singaporean has a role to play in safeguarding the nation. Here are some ways to contribute:

• Serve National Service: All eligible male citizens must fulfill their National Service obligation and contribute to the SAF or Home Team.
• Support Emergency Services: Participate in civil defence exercises, learn emergency response skills, and support the SCDF.
• Stay Informed and Engaged: Stay updated on security issues, attend community dialogues, and actively participate in discussions about Total Defence.
• Promote Unity and Social Cohesion: Foster understanding and harmony among different segments of society, and support initiatives that promote community outreach.
• Be Vigilant and Report Suspicious Activities: Stay alert to suspicious activities and report them promptly to the authorities.

Conclusion

Total Defence Day is not just a day of remembrance but also an opportunity to reflect on the importance of safeguarding our nation and its people. By embracing a comprehensive approach to defence that encompasses all five pillars, Singapore can continue to stand united and resilient against all threats. Each of us has a role to play in ensuring the security and well-being of our beloved country. Let us stand together as a strong and courageous nation, always ready to defend our homeland, our values, and our future.

Tables

Table 1: Pillars of Total Defence

Table 2: Threats to Singapore

Table 3: Benefits of Total Defence