A Comprehensive History of Singapore's Presidency: Leadership and Legacy

Singapore's presidency has been an integral part of the nation's political landscape since its independence in 1965. The President, as the head of state, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the Constitution, promoting national unity, and representing Singapore on the international stage. This article presents a detailed chronological history of Singapore's presidency, highlighting the key moments, individuals, and events that have shaped this institution.

Establishment of the Presidency

Upon Singapore's separation from Malaysia in 1965, Yusof Ishak was appointed as the country's first President, serving from 1965 until his death in 1970. The Constitution of Singapore, adopted in 1965, established the presidency as a ceremonial office, with the Prime Minister as the head of government.

Evolving Role of the Presidency

In 1970, Benjamin Sheares became the second President of Singapore. During his presidency, the Elected President (EP) scheme was introduced in 1991, allowing Singaporeans to directly elect the President. Ong Teng Cheong became the first EP in 1993.

The Reserved Election scheme was introduced in 1991, ensuring that a minority candidate would be elected as President if no minority candidate had won the EP election in the last five presidential elections.

Strengthening the Presidency

In 1999, S. R. Nathan became the third EP. Under his presidency, the Council of Presidential Advisers (CPA) was established in 2005 to provide advice to the President on matters of national importance.

In 2011, Tony Tan Keng Yam became the fourth EP. During his presidency, the President's Scholars programme was launched in 2012 to nurture future leaders in various fields.

Current Presidency

Halimah Yacob became the first female EP in 2017. Under her presidency, the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 4) was passed in 2021, enhancing the role of the President.

Presidential Elections

The Presidential Election is held every six years. The next Presidential Election will be held in 2023.

Qualifications for Presidency

To be eligible for the presidency, candidates must meet the following qualifications:

• Be a Singapore Citizen
• Be at least 45 years old
• Have held high office for at least three years or be a person of distinction in a profession, business, or the arts

Powers and Functions of the President

The President of Singapore has the following powers and functions:

• Safeguard the Constitution
• Grant pardons and reprieves
• Appoint the Prime Minister, Cabinet members, and other key officials
• Exercise veto power over legislation passed by Parliament
• Act as Commander-in-Chief of the Singapore Armed Forces
• Represent Singapore on the international stage

Historical Timeline of Singapore's Presidents

Important Figures in Singapore's Presidency

• Yusof Ishak: First President of Singapore
• Benjamin Sheares: Second President of Singapore
• C. V. Devan Nair: Third President of Singapore
• Ong Teng Cheong: First Elected President of Singapore
• S. R. Nathan: Third Elected President of Singapore
• Tony Tan Keng Yam: Fourth Elected President of Singapore
• Halimah Yacob: First Female Elected President of Singapore

Historical Events in Singapore's Presidency

• 1991: Introduction of the Elected President (EP) scheme
• 1991: Introduction of the Reserved Election scheme
• 2005: Establishment of the Council of Presidential Advisers (CPA)
• 2012: Launch of the President's Scholars programme
• 2021: Enhancement of the President's role through the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 4)

Table 1: Singapore's Presidents and Their Terms of Office

Table 2: Qualifications for Presidency

Table 3: Powers and Functions of the President

Stories and Lessons Learnt

Story 1: Yusof Ishak's Legacy of Unity

Yusof Ishak, the first President of Singapore, played a crucial role in fostering national unity in the early years of independence. As a Malay Muslim, he reached out to all communities in Singapore, promoting harmony and understanding. His legacy continues to inspire Singaporean leaders to prioritize inclusivity and social cohesion.

Lesson Learnt: The importance of leadership in promoting unity and harmony in a diverse society.

Story 2: Ong Teng Cheong's Vision for the Future

Ong Teng Cheong, the first Elected President of Singapore, was a visionary leader who had a deep understanding of the needs of Singaporeans. He launched several initiatives to improve the lives of citizens, including the President's Challenge, a national fundraising drive to support social causes. His legacy reminds us of the power of visionary leadership in shaping a nation's future.

Lesson Learnt: The importance of visionary leadership in driving innovation and progress.

Story 3: Halimah Yacob's Historic Presidency

Halimah Yacob became the first female EP in 2017, making history in Singapore's political landscape. Her election symbolizes the progress Singapore has made in promoting gender equality and inclusivity. Her presidency inspires future generations to break barriers and strive for excellence.

Lesson Learnt: The importance of representation and inclusivity in leadership.

Tips and Tricks for Understanding Singapore's Presidency

• Read the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore to understand the legal framework governing the presidency.
• Follow the news and current events related to the presidency to stay informed about its role and activities.
• Visit the official website of the Istana, the President's residence, for information and updates on the presidency.
• Participate in discussions and forums related to the presidency to engage with others and deepen your understanding.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Confusing the President with the Prime Minister. The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.
• Assuming that the presidency is a purely ceremonial role. The President has significant powers and responsibilities, including the power to veto legislation and appoint key officials.
• Overlooking the importance of the presidency in safeguarding the Constitution and promoting national unity. The President plays a vital role in ensuring the stability and prosperity of Singapore.

FAQs

1. Who is the current President of Singapore?
   - Halimah Yacob

2. How often is the Presidential Election held?
   - Every six years

3. What are the qualifications for the presidency?
   - See Table 2

4. What are the powers and functions of the President?
   - See Table 3

5. Who was the first President of Singapore?
   - Yusof Ishak

6. Who was the first Elected President of Singapore?
   - Ong Teng Cheong

7. Who was the first female Elected President of Singapore?
   - Halimah Yacob

8. When was the Council of Presidential Advisers (CPA) established?
   - 2005