Classical Powdered Wigs: An 18th-Century Fashion Extravaganza

A Look Back at the Powdered Wig Craze

In the 18th century, powdered wigs became an integral part of both men's and women's fashion. These elaborate headpieces were made from human hair or horsehair and were meticulously styled and powdered to achieve a fashionable white look.

The powdered wig craze began in France in the 1680s under the reign of King Louis XIV. The king himself wore a full-bottomed wig, which soon became the height of fashion for both the aristocracy and the upper classes.

The Anatomy of a Powdered Wig

Powdered wigs were typically made from human hair, which was collected from poor villagers and servants. The hair was then sorted by length and texture, and the finest hair was used for the most expensive wigs.

The wigmaking process was complex and time-consuming. The hair was first washed and combed, then curled or frizzed using hot irons. The wigmaker would then assemble the hair on a wire frame, creating the desired style.

Once the wig was assembled, it was powdered with a mixture of flour, starch, and white lead. The white lead gave the wig its distinctive white color, but it also made it toxic.

The Different Styles of Powdered Wigs

There were many different styles of powdered wigs, each with its own unique name and characteristics. Some of the most popular styles included:

• The full-bottomed wig: This was the most elaborate and expensive type of powdered wig. It was worn by men and women of the aristocracy, and it consisted of a full head of hair that was piled high on the head.
• The half-bottomed wig: This wig was slightly less elaborate than the full-bottomed wig. It consisted of a head of hair that was shorter in the back and sides, and it was usually worn by men.
• The bob wig: This wig was shorter than the full-bottomed and half-bottomed wigs, and it was worn by both men and women. It was a more casual style, and it was often worn by people who worked in the professions.

The Social Significance of Powdered Wigs

Powdered wigs were more than just a fashion statement. They also had a social significance.

For example, the size and style of a person's wig indicated their social status. The larger and more elaborate the wig, the higher the person's social standing.

Powdered wigs were also a way to express individuality. People could choose from a variety of different styles and colors of wigs, and they could wear them in a variety of different ways.

The Decline of Powdered Wigs

The powdered wig craze began to decline in the late 18th century. This was due in part to the French Revolution, which led to a more egalitarian society.

In addition, the development of new hairdressing techniques made it possible to create more natural-looking hairstyles. As a result, powdered wigs gradually fell out of fashion.

Powdered Wigs Today

Today, powdered wigs are still worn by some people for historical reenactments or costume parties. However, they are no longer a part of everyday fashion.

Conclusion

Powdered wigs were a major fashion trend in the 18th century. These elaborate headpieces were made from human hair or horsehair and were meticulously styled and powdered to achieve a fashionable white look. Powdered wigs were more than just a fashion statement. They also had a social significance, and they were a way to express individuality. The powdered wig craze began to decline in the late 18th century, but powdered wigs are still worn by some people for historical reenactments or costume parties.

Additional Information

• The average cost of a powdered wig in the 18th century was between £5 and £50.
• The most expensive powdered wigs were made from human hair that was collected from young women.
• White lead was the main ingredient in powdered wigs, and it was responsible for the wigs' distinctive white color. However, white lead is also toxic, and it can cause a variety of health problems.
• Powdered wigs were often infested with lice and other pests.
• People who wore powdered wigs often had to sleep with their heads elevated to prevent the wigs from becoming matted.

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