Moderate Persistent Asthma (ICD-10: J45.4)

Understanding Moderate Persistent Asthma

Moderate persistent asthma is a chronic condition in which the airways are chronically inflamed and narrowed, making breathing difficult. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 262 million people worldwide suffer from asthma. Of these, approximately 10% have moderate persistent asthma.

Symptoms of Moderate Persistent Asthma

• Daily wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness
• Frequent nighttime asthma attacks
• Difficulty breathing during exercise or cold air exposure
• Persistent coughing, especially at night or early morning
• Use of quick-relief inhaler more than twice a week

Risks of Moderate Persistent Asthma

• Increased risk of severe asthma attacks and hospitalization
• Reduced quality of life
• Missed school or work days
• Increased healthcare costs

Diagnosis of Moderate Persistent Asthma

Diagnosis is based on symptoms and lung function testing. Lung function testing measures how much air can flow into and out of your lungs.

Treatment for Moderate Persistent Asthma

Treatment aims to control inflammation and prevent asthma attacks. Common treatments include:

• Inhaled corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation in the airways
• Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs): Relax the airways and keep them open
• Leukotriene modifiers: Block inflammatory chemicals called leukotrienes
• Oral steroids: For severe asthma attacks or when other medications are not effective

Monitoring and Follow-Up

Regular monitoring is crucial to assess asthma control and adjust treatment as needed. Follow-up visits may include:

• Asthma Action Plan: A personalized guide for managing asthma symptoms and preventing attacks
• Peak flow monitoring: Measures how fast you can breathe out
• Spirometry: Measures lung function

Prevention of Asthma Triggers

Identifying and avoiding triggers can help prevent asthma attacks. Common triggers include:

• Allergens: Pet dander, pollen, dust mites, mold
• Irritants: Smoke, air pollution, strong odors
• Exercise: Particularly in cold or dry weather
• Weather changes: Rapid changes in temperature or humidity
• Stress: Emotional stress can worsen asthma symptoms

Tips and Tricks for Managing Moderate Persistent Asthma

• Always carry your reliever inhaler
• Take your medications as prescribed
• Avoid known triggers
• Use a humidifier to reduce indoor humidity
• Get vaccinated against influenza and pneumonia
• See your doctor regularly for follow-up visits

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Overusing quick-relief inhalers
• Not taking inhaled corticosteroids regularly
• Ignoring asthma symptoms and delaying treatment
• Exposing yourself to known triggers
• Smoking or being around secondhand smoke

Conclusion

Moderate persistent asthma is a manageable condition with proper treatment and self-care. By following your treatment plan, monitoring your symptoms, and avoiding triggers, you can minimize the impact of asthma on your life and enjoy a healthier, more active lifestyle.