MCAT Problem of the Day #321: A Heart-Pounding Conundrum

Introduction

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is a standardized exam that all premed students must take. The MCAT is a challenging exam, but it is also an important one. A good score on the MCAT can help you get into medical school.

MCAT Problem of the Day is a series of practice problems that can help you prepare for the MCAT. Each problem is designed to test your knowledge of a specific MCAT topic. Today's problem is about the heart.

The Problem

A 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes is admitted to the hospital with chest pain. The patient's blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg and his heart rate is 120 bpm. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V6.

Questions

1. What is the most likely diagnosis?
2. What is the best course of treatment?
3. What is the prognosis for this patient?

The Answer

1. Diagnosis

The most likely diagnosis is an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). STEMI is a heart attack that occurs when a blood clot blocks one of the coronary arteries. This blockage prevents oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle, which can lead to damage or death of the heart tissue.

2. Treatment

The best course of treatment for STEMI is to restore blood flow to the heart as quickly as possible. This can be done with either thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Thromolytic therapy involves giving the patient a medication that dissolves the blood clot. PCI involves inserting a catheter into the blocked artery and using a balloon to open it up.

3. Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with STEMI depends on the severity of the heart attack and the time it takes to restore blood flow to the heart. The mortality rate for patients with STEMI is about 12%.

Additional Information

STEMI is a serious heart condition, but it is treatable. If you experience chest pain, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve your chances of a full recovery.

Conclusion

MCAT Problem of the Day is a great way to practice for the MCAT. By working through these problems, you can improve your knowledge of the MCAT topics and your problem-solving skills.