Roman dress: 15 daily garments you (almost) never see today

Throughout history, clothing has been a key indicator of a person's social status, occupation, and even religious beliefs. This was certainly the case in ancient Rome, where the clothing you wore could say a lot about who you were.

In this article, we'll take a look at 15 of the most common types of clothing worn by ancient Romans. We'll discuss what each garment was used for, who typically wore it, and how it was made.

1. Tunica

The tunica was the most basic garment worn by ancient Romans. It was a simple, T-shaped tunic that reached to the knees or ankles. The tunica was typically made of wool or linen, and it could be worn by both men and women.

2. Stola

The stola was a long, loose-fitting dress worn by Roman women. It was typically made of fine wool or linen, and it was often decorated with embroidery or other embellishments. The stola was considered to be a symbol of modesty and respectability.

3. Palla

The palla was a large, rectangular shawl worn by Roman women. It was typically made of wool or linen, and it could be worn in a variety of ways. The palla could be draped over the head and shoulders, or it could be wrapped around the body like a cloak.

4. Toga

The toga was the most iconic garment worn by ancient Romans. It was a large, draped robe that was worn by both men and women. The toga was typically made of wool, and it could be worn in a variety of ways. The way the toga was draped could indicate a person's social status, occupation, or religious beliefs.

5. Paenula

The paenula was a heavy, hooded cloak worn by Roman men. It was typically made of wool or leather, and it was often worn in cold or wet weather. The paenula could also be used as a sleeping bag.

6. Sagum

The sagum was a short, woolen cloak worn by Roman soldiers. It was typically fastened with a brooch at the shoulder. The sagum was designed to be lightweight and easy to move in, making it ideal for military use.

7. Dalmatica

The dalmatica was a long, flowing tunic worn by Roman priests and other religious officials. It was typically made of silk or wool, and it was often decorated with embroidery or other embellishments. The dalmatica was considered to be a symbol of authority and prestige.

8. Caracalla

The caracalla was a short, hooded cloak worn by Roman emperors and other high-ranking officials. It was typically made of purple wool, and it was often decorated with gold embroidery or other embellishments. The caracalla was considered to be a symbol of power and authority.

9. Birrus

The birrus was a short, hooded cloak worn by Roman travelers and laborers. It was typically made of wool or leather, and it was often lined with fur. The birrus was designed to be warm and comfortable, making it ideal for long journeys or outdoor work.

10. Cucullus

The cucullus was a hood that was worn by Roman peasants and slaves. It was typically made of wool or leather, and it was often attached to a cloak or tunic. The cucullus was designed to protect the head and neck from the sun, rain, or cold.

11. Galerus

The galerus was a broad-brimmed hat worn by Roman priests and other religious officials. It was typically made of felt or straw, and it was often decorated with a band of ribbon or other embellishments. The galerus was considered to be a symbol of authority and prestige.

12. Pileus

The pileus was a conical cap worn by Roman freedmen. It was typically made of wool or felt, and it was often decorated with a tassel or other embellishments. The pileus was a symbol of freedom and independence.

13. Pero

The pero was a leather boot worn by Roman soldiers. It was typically laced up the front, and it reached to the calf or knee. The pero was designed to be sturdy and durable, making it ideal for military use.

14. Calceus

The calceus was a leather shoe worn by Roman civilians. It was typically laced up the front, and it could be worn with or without socks. The calceus was a versatile shoe that could be worn for a variety of occasions.

15. Solea

The solea was a simple sandal worn by Roman slaves and peasants. It was typically made of leather or wood, and it was often fastened with a strap around the ankle. The solea was a comfortable and inexpensive shoe that was ideal for everyday use.

Why Roman dress matters

The clothing worn by ancient Romans tells us a lot about their culture and society. The different types of clothing that were worn could indicate a person's social status, occupation, or religious beliefs. Clothing also played an important role in Roman religious ceremonies and festivals.

Benefits of studying Roman dress

Studying Roman dress can help us to better understand Roman culture and society. It can also help us to appreciate the beauty and craftsmanship of ancient Roman clothing.

Common mistakes to avoid when studying Roman dress

When studying Roman dress, it is important to avoid making the following mistakes:

• Assuming that all Romans dressed the same. There was a great deal of variation in Roman dress, depending on a person's social status, occupation, and religious beliefs.
• Thinking that Roman clothing was always simple and practical. While some Roman clothing was simple and practical, other garments were quite elaborate and decorative.
• Believing that Roman women were always covered up. Roman women wore a variety of clothing, including some that was quite revealing.

Pros and cons of Roman dress

Pros:

• Roman clothing was often well-made and durable.
• It was often comfortable and practical.
• It could be very beautiful and decorative.

Cons:

• Some Roman clothing was very expensive.
• It could be difficult to put on and take off.
• It was not always appropriate for all occasions.

Conclusion

Roman dress is a fascinating topic that can tell us a lot about Roman culture and society. By studying Roman dress, we can gain a better appreciation